Monday, January 31, 2011
Sunday, January 30, 2011
History of Women in Politics
...also found this article and thought it was really interesting
FROM SUFFRAGE TO WOMEN'S LIBERATION: FEMINISM IN TWENTIETH CENTURY AMERICA
FROM SUFFRAGE TO WOMEN'S LIBERATION: FEMINISM IN TWENTIETH CENTURY AMERICA
\57 years of campaigning,
56 referenda to male voters,
480 efforts to get state legislatures to submit suffrage amendments,
277 campaigns to get state party conventions to include women's suffrage planks,
47 campaigns to get state constitutional conventions to write women's suffrage into state constitutions,
30 campaigns to get presidential party conventions to adopt women's suffrage planks into party platforms,
19 successive campaigns with 19 successive Congresses.
History of Women in Politics
Hi everyone,
I found a history/timeline of womens suffrage around the world we could probably just pick and choose the more important details.
-Shannon
1850-1879
1851: Prussian law forbids women from joining political parties or attending meetings where politics is discussed.1869: Britain grants unmarried women who are householders the right to vote in local elections.
1862/3: Some Swedish women gain voting rights in local elections.
1880-1899
1881: Some Scottish women get the right to vote in local elections.1893: New Zealand grants equal voting rights to women.
1894: The United Kingdom expands women's voting rights to married women in local but not national elections.
1895: South Australian women gain voting rights.
1899: Western Australian women granted voting rights.
1900-1909
1901: Women in Australia get the vote, with some restrictions.1902: Women in New South Wales get the vote.
1902: Australia grants more voting rights to women.
1906: Finland adopts woman suffrage.
1907: Women in Norway are permitted to stand for election.
1908: Women in Denmark some women granted local voting rights.
1908: Victoria, Australia, grants women voting rights.
1909: Sweden grants vote in municipal elections to all women.
1910-1919
1913: Norway adopts full woman suffrage.1915: Women get the vote in Denmark and Iceland.
1916: Canadian women in Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan get the vote.
1917: When the Russian Czar is toppled, the Provisional Government grants universal suffrage with equality for women; later the new Soviet Russian constitution includes full suffrage to women.
1917: Women in the Netherlands are granted the right to stand for election.
1918: The United Kingdom gives a full vote to women of age 30 and older and men age 21 and older.
1918: Canada gives women the vote in most provinces by federal law. Quebec is not included.
1918: Germany grants women the vote.
1918: Austria adopts woman suffrage.
1918: Women given full suffrage in Latvia, Poland, Estonia, and Latvia.
1918: Russian Federation gives women the right to vote.
1918: Women granted limited voting rights in Ireland.
1919: Netherlands gives women the vote.
1919: Woman suffrage is granted in Belarus, Luxemburg and Ukraine.
1919: Women in Belgium granted right to vote.
1919: New Zealand allows women to stand for election.
1919: Sweden grants suffrage with some restrictions.
1920-1929
1920: On August 26, a constitutional amendment is adopted when the state of Tennessee ratifies it, granting full woman suffrage in all states of the United States. (For more on woman suffrage state-by-state, see the American Woman Suffrage Timeline.)1920: Woman suffrage is granted in Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
1920: Canadian women get the right to stand for election (but not for all offices - see 1929 below).
1921: Sweden gives women voting rights with some restrictions.
1921: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Lithuania grant woman suffrage.
1921: Belgium grants women the right to stand for election.
1922: Burma grants women voting rights.
1924: Mongolia, Saint Lucia and Tajikistan give suffrage to women.
1924: Kazakstan gives limited voting rights to women.
1925: Italy grants limited voting rights to women.
1927: Turkmenistan grants woman suffrage.
1928: The United Kingdom grants equal voting rights to women.
1928: Guyana grants woman suffrage.
1928: Ireland expands women's suffrage rights.
1929: Ecuador grants suffrage, Romania grants limited suffrage.
1929: Women found to be "persons" in Canada and therefore able to become members of the Senate.
930-1939
1930: White women granted suffrage in South Africa.1930: Turkey grants women the vote.
1931: Women get full suffrage in Spain and Sri Lanka.
1931: Chile and Portugal grant suffrage with some restrictions.
1932: Uruguay, Thailand and Maldives jump on the woman suffrage bandwagon.
1934: Cuba and Brazil adopt woman suffrage.
1934: Turkish women are able to stand for election.
1934: Portugal grants woman suffrage, with some restrictions.
1935: Women gain right to vote in Myanmar.
1937: The Philippines grants women full suffrage.
1938: Women get the vote in Bolivia.
1938: Uzbekistan grants full suffrage to women.
1939: El Salvador grants voting rights to women.
1940-1949
1940: Women of Quebec are granted voting rights.1941: Panama grants limited voting rights to women.
1942: Women gain full suffrage in the Dominican Republic.
1944: Bulgaria, France and Jamaica grant suffrage to women.
1945: Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Hungary, Japan (with restrictions), Yugoslavia, Senegal and Ireland enact woman suffrage.
1945: Guyana allows women to stand for election.
1946: Woman suffrage adopted in Palestine, Kenya, Liberia, Cameroon, Korea, Guatemala, Panama (with restrictions), Romania (with restrictions), Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Vietnam.
1946: Women allowed to stand for election in Myanmar.
1947: Bulgaria, Malta, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore and Argentina extend suffrage to women.
1947: Japan extends suffrage, but still retains some restrictions
1947: Mexico grants the vote to women at the municipal level.
1948: Israel, Iraq, Korea, Niger and Surinam adopt woman suffrage.
1948: Belgium, which previously granted the vote to women, establishes suffrage with a few restrictions for women.
1949: Bosnia and Herzegovina grant woman suffrage.
1949: China and Costa Rica give women the vote.
1949: Women gain full suffrage in Chile but most vote separately from men.
1949: Syrian Arab Republic gives the vote to women.
1949/1950: India grants woman suffrage.
1950-1959
1950: Haiti and Barbados adopt woman suffrage.1950: Canada grants full suffrage, extending the vote to some women (and men) previously not included.
1951: Antigua, Nepal and Grenada give women the vote.
1952: Covenant on Political Rights of Women enacted by the United Nations, calling for women's right to vote and right to stand for elections.
1952: Greece, Lebanon and Bolivia (with restrictions) extend suffrage to women.
1953: Mexico grants women the right to stand for election. and to vote in national elections.
1953: Hungary and Guyana give voting rights to women.
1953: Bhutan and the Syrian Arab Republic establish full woman suffrage.
1954: Ghana, Colombia and Belize grant woman suffrage.
1955: Cambodia, Ethiopia, Peru, Honduras and Nicaragua adopt woman suffrage.
1956: Women given suffrage in Egypt, Somalia, Comoros, Mauritius, Mali and Benin.
1956: Pakistani women gain right to vote in national elections.
1957: Malaysia extends suffrage to women.
1957: Zimbabwe grants women the vote.
1959: Madagascar and Tanzania give suffrage to women.
1959: San Marino permits women to vote.
1960-1969
1960: Women of Cyprus, Gambia and Tonga get suffrage.1960: Canadian women win full rights to stand for election.
1961: Burundi, Malawy, Paraguay, Rwanda and Sierra Leone adopt woman suffrage.
1961: Women in the Bahamas gain suffrage, with limits.
1961: Women in El Salvador are permitted to stand for election.
1962: Algeria, Monaco, Uganda and Zambia adopts woman suffrage.
1962: Australia adopts full woman suffrage (a few restrictions remain).
1963: Women in Morocco, Congo, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Kenya gain suffrage.
1964: Sudan adopts woman suffrage.
1964: The Bahamas adopts full suffrage with restrictions.
1965: Women gain full suffrage in Afghanistan, Botswana and Lesotho.
1967: Ecuador adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.
1968: Full woman suffrage adopted in Swaziland.
1970-1979
1970: Yemen adopts full suffrage.1970: Andorra permits women to vote.
1971: Switzerland adopts woman suffrage, and the United States lowers the voting age for both men and women to eighteen.
1972: Bangladesh grants woman suffrage.
1973: Full suffrage granted to women in Bahrain.
1973: Women permitted to stand for election in Andover and San Marino.
1974: Jordan and the Solomon Islands extend suffrage to women.
1975: Angola, Cape Verde and Mozambique give suffrage to women.
1976: Portugal adopts full woman suffrage with a few restrictions.
1978: The Republic of Moldova adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.
1978: Women in Zimbabwe are able to stand for election.
1979: Women in the Marshall Islands and Micronesia gain full suffrage rights.
1980-1989
1980: Iran gives women the vote.1984: Full suffrage granted to women of Liechtenstein.
1984: In South Africa, voting rights are extended to Coloureds and Indians.
1986: Central African Republic adopts woman suffrage.
1990-1999
1990: Samoan women gain full suffrage.1994: Kazakhstan grants women full suffrage.
1994: Black women gain full suffrage in South Africa.
2000-
2005: Kuwaiti Parliament grants women of Kuwait full suffrage.http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffrage/a/intl_timeline_3.htm
Friday, January 28, 2011
Hi Jenelle, Here is the stuff I found for the history and stats of Violence against women. Let me know what you think.
History of violence against women
http://www.socialpolicy.ca/52100/m23/m23-t9.stm
Abuse is not a recent phenomenon and has been sanctioned throughout history. A 15th century marriage manual states: "When you see your wife commit an offence, don't rush at her with insults and violent blows, scold her sharply, bully and terrify her, and if this doesn't work take up a stick and beat her soundly. For it is better to punish the body and correct the soul, than to damage the soul and spare the body. Then readily beat her, not in rage, but out of charity and concern for her soul so the beating will be down to your merit and her good."
In 1867, wife abuse was written into the English Common Law. According to the law, it was acceptable for a man to beat his wife with a whip or stick as long as it was no bigger than the circumference of his thumb. Hence, the phrase "Rule of thumb." So we see that what we refer to as wife assault today has been considered acceptable behaviour as a way of controlling and dominating women.
http://www.ccids.umaine.edu/resources/dvp/files/three.htm
· In sixteenth century England, wives were instructed to be subservient and compliant with their husbands and the king; allegiance to their husbands was associated with loyalty to the rulers and to God.
· During the Reformation in England, the legitimate head of the household assumed power and authority inside the home environment, both in religious and moral arenas. Church doctrine designed to enhance the legitimacy of the subordinate role of wives was communicated in churches and other venues such as marriage manuals. And although harm activity and limited harm consequences were legitimated with appropriate moral explanations, harm activity and threshold were delimited. For example, blows to the head or sensitive organs, or violence perpetrated against pregnant women were considered illegitimate. Husbands’ violence using weapons, such as axes, sickles, or knives was also condemned. Husbands who engaged in harm activity that was illegitimate and caused consequences in excess of an acceptable harm threshold were subjected to public shaming. Yet, there was community legitimacy for the harm activity of beating a woman for such “offenses” as rejecting her husband’s authority, exhibiting intoxication, or neglecting her domestic duties.
· In 1871, Alabama and Massachusetts were the first states to delegitimate wife beating. Other states followed and most allowed cruelty as legitimate grounds for divorce.
http://www.womankind.org.uk/violence-against-women.html
· The 1992 UN Declaration on Violence Against Women is the first international human rights instrument to address the issue.
http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/vaw/about.html
· Among the milestones in the campaign against VAW have been the two UN declarations of elimination of violence against women introduced in 1993 and 2003, respectively, as well as the Beijing World Conference on Women in 1995. The UN has assumed a leading role in the recognition and fight against gender-based violence, whereas Canada has taken a leading role in the attempt to measure and assess the extent of VAW.
http://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book/companion.asp?id=8&compID=63
At the United Nations Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, violence against women was identified as one of the most pressing concerns of women worldwide. In 1999, a session of the UN General Assembly was devoted to women’s rights as human rights and ending violence against women.
In 2001, international criminal courts started to address rape in war. Recently, several resolutions dealing with the worldwide problem of violence against women have been introduced at the UN Security Council.
Statistics of violence against women internationally
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/
In a 10-country study on women's health and domestic violence conducted by WHO,
Between 15% and 71% of women reported physical or sexual violence by a husband or partner.
Many women said that their first sexual experience was not consensual. (24% in rural Peru, 28% in Tanzania, 30% in rural Bangladesh, and 40% in South Africa).
Between 4% and 12% of women reported being physically abused during pregnancy.
Every year, about 5,000 women are murdered by family members in the name of honour each year worldwide.
Worldwide, up to one in five women and one in 10 men report experiencing sexual abuse as children. Children subjected to sexual abuse are much more likely to encounter other forms of abuse later in life.
http://www.womankind.org.uk/statistics.html
Violence causes more death and disability worldwide amongst women aged 15-44 than war, cancer, malaria and traffic accidents (World Bank Study World Development Report: Investing in Health, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993.)
Violence against women and girls is a problem of pandemic proportions. At least one out of every three women around the world has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime with the abuser usually someone known to her (General Assembly. In-Depth Study on All Forms of Violence against Women: Report of the Secretary General, 2006. A/61/122/Add.1. 6 July 2006)
· It is estimated that worldwide, one in five women will become a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime (Referred to by Mara Jos Alcal. State of World Population 2005. The Promise of Equality: Gender Equity, Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals. UNFPA. 2005. 65).
· In Rwanda, up to half a million women were raped during the 1994 genocide. The numbers were as high as 60,000 in the war in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Equally, in Sierra Leone, the number of incidents of war-related sexual violence among internally displaced women from 1991 to 2001 was as high as 64,000 [Vlachova, Biason (editors).
· Out of 10 countries surveyed in a 2005 study by the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 50% of women in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Tanzania reported having been subjected to physical or sexual violence by intimate partners, with figures reaching a staggering 71% in rural Ethiopia. Only in one country (Japan) did less than 20% of women report incidents of domestic violence
http://www.feminist.com/antiviolence/facts.html#global
· Globally, at least one in three women and girls is beaten or sexually abused in her lifetime. (UN Commission on the Status of Women, 2/28/00)
· The most common act of violence against women is being slapped—an experience reported by 9% of women in Japan and 52% in provincial Peru. Rates of sexual abuse also varies greatly around the world—with partner rape being reported by 6% of women from Serbia and Montenegro, 46% of women from provincial Bangladesh, and 59% of women in Ethiopia. (WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women, 2005)
http://www.cdnwomen.org/EN/section05/3_5_1_1-violence_facts.html
*Just thought I would also add stats of Violence against women in Canada
· Half of Canadian women (51%) have experienced at least one incident of physical or sexual violence since the age of 16.
Thirty-six percent of female victims of spousal violence and less than 10% of victims of sexual assault reported these crimes to the police in 2004.
http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2005/presskit/factsheets/facts_vaw.htm
History of violence against women
http://www.socialpolicy.ca/52100/m23/m23-t9.stm
Abuse is not a recent phenomenon and has been sanctioned throughout history. A 15th century marriage manual states: "When you see your wife commit an offence, don't rush at her with insults and violent blows, scold her sharply, bully and terrify her, and if this doesn't work take up a stick and beat her soundly. For it is better to punish the body and correct the soul, than to damage the soul and spare the body. Then readily beat her, not in rage, but out of charity and concern for her soul so the beating will be down to your merit and her good."
In 1867, wife abuse was written into the English Common Law. According to the law, it was acceptable for a man to beat his wife with a whip or stick as long as it was no bigger than the circumference of his thumb. Hence, the phrase "Rule of thumb." So we see that what we refer to as wife assault today has been considered acceptable behaviour as a way of controlling and dominating women.
http://www.ccids.umaine.edu/resources/dvp/files/three.htm
· In sixteenth century England, wives were instructed to be subservient and compliant with their husbands and the king; allegiance to their husbands was associated with loyalty to the rulers and to God.
· During the Reformation in England, the legitimate head of the household assumed power and authority inside the home environment, both in religious and moral arenas. Church doctrine designed to enhance the legitimacy of the subordinate role of wives was communicated in churches and other venues such as marriage manuals. And although harm activity and limited harm consequences were legitimated with appropriate moral explanations, harm activity and threshold were delimited. For example, blows to the head or sensitive organs, or violence perpetrated against pregnant women were considered illegitimate. Husbands’ violence using weapons, such as axes, sickles, or knives was also condemned. Husbands who engaged in harm activity that was illegitimate and caused consequences in excess of an acceptable harm threshold were subjected to public shaming. Yet, there was community legitimacy for the harm activity of beating a woman for such “offenses” as rejecting her husband’s authority, exhibiting intoxication, or neglecting her domestic duties.
· In 1871, Alabama and Massachusetts were the first states to delegitimate wife beating. Other states followed and most allowed cruelty as legitimate grounds for divorce.
http://www.womankind.org.uk/violence-against-women.html
· The 1992 UN Declaration on Violence Against Women is the first international human rights instrument to address the issue.
http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/vaw/about.html
· Among the milestones in the campaign against VAW have been the two UN declarations of elimination of violence against women introduced in 1993 and 2003, respectively, as well as the Beijing World Conference on Women in 1995. The UN has assumed a leading role in the recognition and fight against gender-based violence, whereas Canada has taken a leading role in the attempt to measure and assess the extent of VAW.
http://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book/companion.asp?id=8&compID=63
At the United Nations Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, violence against women was identified as one of the most pressing concerns of women worldwide. In 1999, a session of the UN General Assembly was devoted to women’s rights as human rights and ending violence against women.
In 2001, international criminal courts started to address rape in war. Recently, several resolutions dealing with the worldwide problem of violence against women have been introduced at the UN Security Council.
Statistics of violence against women internationally
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/
In a 10-country study on women's health and domestic violence conducted by WHO,
Between 15% and 71% of women reported physical or sexual violence by a husband or partner.
Many women said that their first sexual experience was not consensual. (24% in rural Peru, 28% in Tanzania, 30% in rural Bangladesh, and 40% in South Africa).
Between 4% and 12% of women reported being physically abused during pregnancy.
Every year, about 5,000 women are murdered by family members in the name of honour each year worldwide.
Worldwide, up to one in five women and one in 10 men report experiencing sexual abuse as children. Children subjected to sexual abuse are much more likely to encounter other forms of abuse later in life.
http://www.womankind.org.uk/statistics.html
Violence causes more death and disability worldwide amongst women aged 15-44 than war, cancer, malaria and traffic accidents (World Bank Study World Development Report: Investing in Health, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993.)
Violence against women and girls is a problem of pandemic proportions. At least one out of every three women around the world has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime with the abuser usually someone known to her (General Assembly. In-Depth Study on All Forms of Violence against Women: Report of the Secretary General, 2006. A/61/122/Add.1. 6 July 2006)
· It is estimated that worldwide, one in five women will become a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime (Referred to by Mara Jos Alcal. State of World Population 2005. The Promise of Equality: Gender Equity, Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals. UNFPA. 2005. 65).
· In Rwanda, up to half a million women were raped during the 1994 genocide. The numbers were as high as 60,000 in the war in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Equally, in Sierra Leone, the number of incidents of war-related sexual violence among internally displaced women from 1991 to 2001 was as high as 64,000 [Vlachova, Biason (editors).
· Out of 10 countries surveyed in a 2005 study by the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 50% of women in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Tanzania reported having been subjected to physical or sexual violence by intimate partners, with figures reaching a staggering 71% in rural Ethiopia. Only in one country (Japan) did less than 20% of women report incidents of domestic violence
http://www.feminist.com/antiviolence/facts.html#global
· Globally, at least one in three women and girls is beaten or sexually abused in her lifetime. (UN Commission on the Status of Women, 2/28/00)
· The most common act of violence against women is being slapped—an experience reported by 9% of women in Japan and 52% in provincial Peru. Rates of sexual abuse also varies greatly around the world—with partner rape being reported by 6% of women from Serbia and Montenegro, 46% of women from provincial Bangladesh, and 59% of women in Ethiopia. (WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women, 2005)
http://www.cdnwomen.org/EN/section05/3_5_1_1-violence_facts.html
*Just thought I would also add stats of Violence against women in Canada
· Half of Canadian women (51%) have experienced at least one incident of physical or sexual violence since the age of 16.
Thirty-six percent of female victims of spousal violence and less than 10% of victims of sexual assault reported these crimes to the police in 2004.
http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2005/presskit/factsheets/facts_vaw.htm
Thursday, January 27, 2011
Hi all, I was speaking with a Jessica Bonilla-Damptey who is with the Anti-Violence network McMaster and she said the Network wants to do something about IWD and I told them about your project and she thought it was great. So please contact them and see if you can use your video at school to promote IWD on campus. their email is avnmcmaster@gmail.com
Kristina
I did some research on violence against women on what it is, what it means for our world today, how we need to begin to overcome it... I looked at the Millenium goals and how we are still not living up to them.
We didn't go over how we were splitting the work really so maybe you can look up statistics of violence against women around the world and a little history on it?
Let me know if that works for you!
I did some research on violence against women on what it is, what it means for our world today, how we need to begin to overcome it... I looked at the Millenium goals and how we are still not living up to them.
We didn't go over how we were splitting the work really so maybe you can look up statistics of violence against women around the world and a little history on it?
Let me know if that works for you!
Just thought we should have some posts about our progress/things we find.
http://internationalwomensday.com/media/
There's some cool pictures here of IWD in countries all over the world...not sure if we can use them for our clip but maybe we can look into it?
Also there's a link on this page where we can share our contributions to IWD..so once we have our video it would be sweet to upload it there for more awareness
http://internationalwomensday.com/media/
There's some cool pictures here of IWD in countries all over the world...not sure if we can use them for our clip but maybe we can look into it?
Also there's a link on this page where we can share our contributions to IWD..so once we have our video it would be sweet to upload it there for more awareness
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